Γλωσσάριο

Βασικοί όροι στη δημοσιογραφική τοπογραφία και τη γεωχωρική τεχνολογία.

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GPS satellite signal frequencies used in surveying for precise positioning and navigation measurements.

lambert projection

A conformal map projection that preserves angles and is commonly used for topographic maps and aeronautical charts.

Land Title

Legal documentation establishing ownership and rights to a parcel of real property.

las format

A binary file format designed for storing three-dimensional point cloud data collected by LiDAR and other surveying instruments.

las lidar format

A binary file format designed to store three-dimensional point cloud data collected by Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensors used in surveying and mapping applications.

Layout Survey

A surveying method that establishes precise positions and dimensions for construction projects by transferring design plans onto the ground.

laz format

Lossless compression format for LiDAR point cloud data that reduces file size while preserving all survey information.

least squares

A mathematical method for finding the best-fit line or curve through a set of data points by minimizing the sum of squared residuals.

legal description

A precise written description of real property that identifies its location and boundaries for legal and official purposes.

Leica Infinity

Leica Infinity est un système logiciel avancé de traitement et de gestion des données de relevé qui permet aux géomètres de convertir les mesures brutes en plans précis.

leveling

Leveling is the surveying process of determining the vertical distances and elevations between points on the Earth's surface.

lidar

Lidar je tehnologija daljinskog mjerenja koja koristi laserske impulse za precizno mapiranje terena i objekata.

Local Coordinate System

A coordinate system established at a specific site or project area, independent of global or national datum references.

LOD - Level of Development BIM

A standardized classification system defining the completeness and reliability of Building Information Model geometry and data at successive project phases.

longitudinal profile

A graphical representation of the elevation changes along a surveyed line or route, showing the relationship between horizontal distance and vertical height.

Machine Control

Automated systems that use surveying data to guide heavy equipment in construction and earthmoving operations.

map projection

A mathematical method for representing the three-dimensional Earth's surface on a two-dimensional map.

Map Scale

The ratio between distances on a map and corresponding distances on the Earth's surface.

Marine Survey

A comprehensive inspection and measurement of ships, vessels, and maritime structures to ensure safety, compliance, and condition assessment.

Mean Sea Level

The average height of the ocean's surface used as a reference datum for measuring elevations and depths on Earth.

MEP Survey for BIM

A specialized surveying discipline that captures precise three-dimensional data of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems for integration into Building Information Modeling environments.

Mercator Projection

A cylindrical map projection that represents the Earth's surface with parallel lines of latitude and longitude, preserving angles and directions for navigation purposes.

metes and bounds

A method of describing real property by identifying its perimeter using natural and artificial landmarks, directions, and distances.

miniprism

A small retroreflective prism used in surveying and measurement applications to reflect light signals back to their source.

mobile mapping

Mobile mapping is a surveying technology that uses GPS-equipped vehicles and portable sensors to rapidly collect geospatial data across large areas.

monitoring survey

A systematic and periodic measurement of physical features or conditions over time to detect changes, deformations, or movements in structures, land, or infrastructure.

monument

A permanent structure or marker established to identify, commemorate, or preserve a surveying point or historical boundary.

Multibeam Echo Sounder

A hydrographic surveying instrument that uses multiple acoustic beams to map the seafloor and water column simultaneously across a wide swath.

Multibeam Patch Test

A systematic calibration procedure used to verify and correct angular offsets between multibeam sonar systems and their reference frames in hydrographic surveying.

multibeam sonar

A sonar system that emits multiple acoustic beams simultaneously to map large underwater areas with high precision and efficiency.

multipath

A surveying phenomenon where electromagnetic signals reach a receiver via multiple reflected paths instead of a direct line-of-sight path.

multipath error mitigation

Techniques used to reduce errors in surveying measurements caused by signal reflections from nearby surfaces.

mvs

Mvs esas sistemo de mezurado kaj registrado de terena pozicio uzante modernan teknologion.

NAD83

NAD83 is the North American Datum of 1983, a geodetic reference system used for mapping and surveying across North America.

nadir imagery

Nadir imagery is aerial or satellite photography taken directly downward from directly above the area being surveyed.

nadir point

The point on the ground directly below a camera or sensor position in aerial or space-based surveying.

National Grid

A standardized system of coordinates and reference points used for mapping and surveying across an entire country.

Navisworks Coordination Survey

A specialized surveying methodology that integrates Navisworks software with field survey data to detect spatial conflicts and coordinate multiple building systems before construction.

NDVI

NDVI je normalizovani diferencirani vegetacijski indeks koji se koristi za mjerenje zdravlja i gustoće vegetacije pomoću satelitskih i dronskih snimaka.

Netzwerkausgleich

Der Netzwerkausgleich ist ein mathematisches Verfahren zur Optimierung von Messdaten in Vermessungsnetzen durch Minimierung von Fehlern und Widersprüchen.

Niyog Shuddhatā

Niyog Shuddhatā māp kī ek māp hai jo dashmalaṃ anya māp kī kinne karib hai ise batātā hai.

noise filter

A device or algorithm that removes unwanted acoustic or electronic interference from measurements or signals in surveying operations.

Normal Distribution Transform

A statistical method used in surveying and point cloud registration to align 3D datasets by modeling the probability distribution of surface points.

NSRS

Hệ thống Tham chiếu Không gian Quốc gia cung cấp khung tọa độ chính xác cho các hoạt động địa chính và bản đồ.

NTRIP

NTRIP is a protocol for transmitting differential GPS corrections over the internet to enable real-time kinematic positioning in surveying applications.

Oblique Imagery

Aerial or satellite images captured at an angle rather than directly vertical, providing three-dimensional perspective views of terrain and structures.

Offshore Survey

The process of measuring and mapping underwater and coastal areas using specialized equipment and techniques to support marine engineering and resource development projects.

optical plummet

An optical instrument used in surveying to precisely align a theodolite or transit vertically over a point on the ground.

Orthometric Height

The vertical distance from a point on the Earth's surface to the geoid, measured along the direction of gravity.

orthophoto

A photograph of the Earth's surface that has been geometrically corrected to remove distortions caused by camera tilt and terrain relief.

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