Thuật ngữ

The process of aligning and transforming geospatial data to match a known coordinate system and map projection.

The process of assigning geographic coordinates to spatial data such as maps, images, or datasets to establish their precise location on Earth.

Information about physical locations and features on Earth's surface, referenced to geographic coordinates.

GeoTIFF is a standard image format that embeds geographic and cartographic information directly within TIFF files for spatial data representation.

A pivoted support that allows an object to rotate freely in any direction, commonly used in surveying instruments to maintain horizontal orientation.

Sistem informasi geografis yang mengintegrasikan data spasial dengan teknologi komputer untuk analisis dan visualisasi peta digital.

Global Navigation Satellite System na gumagamit ng mga satellite para sa posisyon, bilis, at oras na determinasyon.

GNSS signal processing refers to the techniques and algorithms used to acquire, track, and decode signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems to determine precise position, velocity, and time.

GNSS天线是接收全球导航卫星系统信号的专用天线装置，用于测量和定位应用中捕获和转换卫星信号。

GPS ay isang pandaigdigang sistemang gumagamit ng mga satellite upang matukoy ang eksaktong lokasyon at posisyon ng mga punto sa Earth.

A continuous count of weeks since January 6, 1980, used as the primary time reference system in Global Positioning System measurements and surveying applications.

The process of establishing and maintaining precise elevation references to ensure construction projects meet specified vertical design requirements.

Ground filtering is a data processing technique used in surveying to remove non-ground points from LiDAR point clouds, isolating terrain elevation data.

GRS80 is the Geodetic Reference System of 1980, an international standard ellipsoid used as the basis for geodetic surveys and mapping worldwide.

GSD ay ang ground sample distance na sumusukat sa spatial resolution ng aerial o satellite imagery sa surveying.

HDOP ay ang sukat ng geometric na kalidad ng satellite geometry para sa horizontal na positioning sa GPS surveying.

The angle measured between two lines or directions in a horizontal plane, typically used in surveying to determine the relative positions of points.

The measurement of horizontal angles using the graduated circle on a surveying instrument.

A systematic measurement and mapping of water bodies including depths, currents, and underwater features for navigation and engineering purposes.

ICP (Iterative Closest Point) is a fundamental point cloud registration algorithm that aligns two 3D datasets by iteratively finding closest point pairs and minimizing their distances.

ICP adalah algoritma yang digunakan untuk menyelaraskan dua awan titik 3D dengan menemukan transformasi geometrik yang meminimalkan jarak antara titik-titik yang sesuai.

IFC ay isang international standard para sa digital na pagbabahagi ng impormasyon sa industriya ng konstruksyon at real estate.

The process of determining the correct whole number of wavelengths in carrier phase measurements for precise GNSS positioning.

The measure of the strength or magnitude of a physical quantity or phenomenon at a specific location or point in space.

A surveying method that determines the position of a point by measuring angles from two or more known reference stations.

Iono free is a surveying technique that eliminates ionospheric delays in GNSS measurements by using dual-frequency receivers to calculate and remove the ionospheric effect on signals.

The time delay experienced by electromagnetic signals as they propagate through the ionosphere, affecting GNSS positioning accuracy.

ISO 17123 is an international standard that specifies methods for testing and evaluating the accuracy and performance of surveying instruments used in land surveying and construction.

A real-time surveying technique using Global Navigation Satellite System signals to determine precise positions of moving or stationary points with centimeter-level accuracy.

KML (Keyhole Markup Language) is an XML-based format for encoding geographic data, while KMZ is its compressed archive version used in surveying and GIS applications.

Xətti tikili və infrastruktur layihələri üçün ərazinin uzun, dar zolaqlarının təfərrüatlı topoqrafik və coğrafi məlumatlarının toplanması prosesi.

GPS频率bands used in modern surveying for enhanced positioning accuracy and reliability.

A conic map projection that preserves area while maintaining relatively accurate shape representation for mid-latitude regions.

A legal document that establishes ownership and property rights of real estate.

Formato de archivo estándar utilizado en levantamientos topográficos para almacenar datos de nubes de puntos tridimensionales capturados por tecnología LiDAR.

LAS is a public file format for storing three-dimensional point cloud data acquired by LiDAR sensors used in surveying and mapping applications.

A type of survey that determines the positions and dimensions of structures to be constructed or modified on a site.

LAZ format is a compressed point cloud file format commonly used in surveying and geospatial applications to reduce storage requirements while maintaining data integrity.

A mathematical method for finding the best-fit line or curve through a set of surveying measurements by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and calculated values.

A precise written identification of a specific parcel of real property using standardized surveying methods and coordinates.

A advanced surveying software platform by Leica Geosystems for processing, analyzing, and managing geospatial data from various surveying instruments and sensors.

LIDAR ay isang remote sensing technology na gumagamit ng light pulses upang sukatin ang mga distansya at lumikha ng 3D maps ng terrain at mga bagay.

A coordinate system established for a specific project or area that may not align with national or global reference systems.

Automated systems that guide and control construction machinery to precise grades, slopes, and positions using surveyed data and real-time positioning technology.

Mapa skala adalah rasio antara jarak pada peta dan jarak sebenarnya di lapangan yang digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran representasi geografis.

A cylindrical map projection that preserves angles and directions, making it useful for navigation but distorting areas, especially at higher latitudes.

Metadata is information that describes the characteristics, structure, and context of data itself rather than the data content.

A method of describing real property boundaries using physical features, distances, and directions rather than a coordinate system.

A small reflective prism used in surveying to reflect laser beams back to their source for distance measurement and positioning.

Mobile mapping is a surveying technique that uses sensors mounted on moving vehicles to capture geographic data and create detailed maps of terrain and infrastructure.